Nhulunbuy is right on the tip of the Gove Peninsula and is some 650 kilometres east of Darwin. The Arafura Sea provides plenty of beaches and super fishing, as well as an abundance of flora and fauna. The history of the town is intertwined with the bauxite mining and treatment plant located there.

The peninsula of Gove was named after W.H.J. Gove, an Australian airman who was killed in the vicinity during World War II. In the 1950s bauxite was discovered in the area but the government declined permission to extract it at first. A company was formed in the 1960s to take up the lease and they also agreed to set up a refinery, port and township. A permit is required for those wishing to access the town via the Central Arnhem Road through Arnhem Land.

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