Gulargambone is a country town in the north west of New South Wales. The Kawambarai and Kamilaroi people were the original inhabitants of the region. The town's name is derived from their expression for "place of plenty galahs".

One of the first licence holders of land in the region was George Tailby, who appears in a record dated 1840. However it is doubtful whether he ever resided upon his run, and possibly other squatters occupied stations in the region as well. In 1849 Tailby is again recorded as holding a license for 20,000 acres known as the "Geralgambone" run.

With the passing of the Robertson Land Act of 1861, vast tracts of country in New South Wales were opened up for development. William Skuthorpe claimed 50 acres at the confluence of the Castlereagh River and the Gulargambone Creek. Here Skuthorpe erected an Inn, which was operating in 1866 when Surveyor W.J. Condon surveyed the site. During the 1870s, a general store was partnered by John Kearney and Thomas Polin, catering for the emerging community. The Lands Department recognised the emerging settlement warranted a township, and the village of Gulargambone was surveyed by Surveyor Edward McFarlane in August 1878.

In November 1879, 22 half acre town lots were divided up, and the following year the first sales of Gulargambone lots occurred at Coonamble. Skuthorpe's subsequent subdivision led to the village being gazetted in 1883, and proclaimed in March 1885.

William Skuthorpe was appointed Post Master when the official postal service was established in 1871. Communication was again improved with the laying of a telegraph line in 1883. The purpose built Post Office of Gulargambone today was erected in 1912. One acre of land was reserved in 1880 for the construction of a police station, lock up and police paddock. The present day police station was erected in 1914.

The year 1886 witnessed the construction of the Gulargambone Presbyterian Church. A manse was later erected in 1894. Then in 1938, upon land adjacent to the manse, the Pioneer Memorial Church commenced construction. The first Roman Catholic Church now serves as a residence in Gulargambone. It was transferred from a site in Coonamble in the 1870s. Similarly, the second Gulargambone Roman Catholic Church, which also serves as a residence, was built in Coonamble in 1892, and moved to its present site in 1938. The present day Roman Catholic Church was constructed as a convent in the 1950s, and was consecrated in 1985. The foundation stone for the Gulargambone Anglican Church was laid in 1911.

The township of Gulargambone was well and truly consolidated by the 1920s. In addition to churches representing the major denominations, and a new post office and police station, the township sported a hospital, court house, two banks, two hotels, two butchers, two bakers, four stores and two picture theatres.

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